The battle of Hadrianople was fought on August 9 (A.D. 378); the leader of the Goths was Fritigern; the Romans were commanded by Emperor Valens himself. Valens made the great error of under-estimating the enemy. Continue reading “Roman Empire vs the Goths; The disastrous battle of Hadrianople and a series of events with great importance in the future shaping of Europe”
Roman identity in ‘Byzantium’
After centuries of denials and evasions, the debate over the nature of Roman identity in Byzantium is finally picking up. The Byzantines’ view of their own Roman identity was a national one, making Byzantium effectively a nation-state. Continue reading “Roman identity in ‘Byzantium’”
The Armenian element in the Eastern Roman (‘Byzantine’) Empire
Among the various ethnic groups in the Byzantine empire, the Armenians constituted one of the strongest. Continue reading “The Armenian element in the Eastern Roman (‘Byzantine’) Empire”
The Roman (‘Byzantine’) Imperial policy towards the Jews during the period 1204-1453
Though fully integrated within the Greco-Roman culture of Byzantine civilization, the Jews maintained a separate identity. More than many another ethnic group in the empire, the Jews embraced Hellenic culture and the Greek language. Continue reading “The Roman (‘Byzantine’) Imperial policy towards the Jews during the period 1204-1453”
Nursing in the Eastern Roman (‘Byzantine’) Empire
Byzantine care constitutes a unique example not only for the medieval period but also for the whole of human history and civilization. The Byzantine period is specifically of interest for its approach to social welfare and organized care for the sick, the elderly, mothers, and children. Continue reading “Nursing in the Eastern Roman (‘Byzantine’) Empire”
English refugees were the most prominent element in the Eastern Roman (‘Byzantine’) Varangian Guard from the late 11th to the 13th century
One of the most interesting episodes in Byzantine military history and in medieval English history is the Anglo-Saxon participation and service in the Varangian Guards regiment from the late 11th to the early 13th century. Continue reading “English refugees were the most prominent element in the Eastern Roman (‘Byzantine’) Varangian Guard from the late 11th to the 13th century”