The crucial period during and immediately following the final demise of the western Roman Empire is unfortunately badly served by written sources, so much of our discussion must be hypothetical, using the patchy fifth-century evidence and attempting to draw inferences from what appear to be remnants or survivals from this period in the sources of the sixth century. This method is far from satisfactory but a fairly coherent picture seems to emerge. Continue reading “Raising an army in Post-Roman Europe – The later fifth and early sixth centuries”
Administrative institutions in Eastern Roman (‘Byzantine’) Asia Minor on the Eve of the Turkish Conquest
Since the fall of North Africa, Egypt, and the Levant to the Arabs and the occupation of Italy by the Germanic peoples and of much of the Balkans by the Slavs, Byzantium* had been restricted to the southern confines of the Balkan peninsula, Anatolia, the isles, and southern Italy. Continue reading “Administrative institutions in Eastern Roman (‘Byzantine’) Asia Minor on the Eve of the Turkish Conquest”
Marriages with Non-Christians in the Eastern Roman (‘Byzantine’) Empire
Byzantine law evolved from limited recognition of marriages between Orthodox and non-Orthodox individuals (including pagan) to a total prohibition of such marriages. Continue reading “Marriages with Non-Christians in the Eastern Roman (‘Byzantine’) Empire”
Description of a basal cell breast carcinoma by Paul of Aegina (7th century A.D.)
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common skin cancer in humans. The diagnosis of suspected BCC is nowadays typically confirmed with incisional biopsy before referral to final surgery. Continue reading “Description of a basal cell breast carcinoma by Paul of Aegina (7th century A.D.)”
Akhawayni; a Persian neuropsychiatrist of the 10th century A.D.
The renown in medicine in the Islamic Golden Age is indebted to Persian scholars including Haly Abbas (949–982 AD), Rhazes (865–925 AD), Avicenna (980–1032 AD) etc. Continue reading “Akhawayni; a Persian neuropsychiatrist of the 10th century A.D.”
Eastern Roman (‘Byzantine’) perception of ‘Islam’
Byzantine law did not know national and racial differences and was emphatically universalistic with regard to ethnicity. Continue reading “Eastern Roman (‘Byzantine’) perception of ‘Islam’”