“There is a people on earth that wages wars for the freedom of others, at its own expense, its own toils and risk—and stands firm not just for those at its borders, or peoples in its near vicinity, or those joint by connecting lands, but crosses the seas so that there would be no unjust rule in the world and justice, and divine and human law would everywhere prevail.” – Livy, 33,33 Continue reading “Septimius Severus and administration of justice; one of the most important tasks of Roman emperors”
Influx of Anatolian Turks in the Balkans and Eastern Roman territories until the beginning of the 14th century
Byzantines distinguished among Turkic nations two largest taxa: “Scythians” (Dunabian and northern Black Sea Turks and the Mongols) and “Persians” (Anatolian and Iranian Turks). Continue reading “Influx of Anatolian Turks in the Balkans and Eastern Roman territories until the beginning of the 14th century”
The Ecclesiastical organization in Eastern Roman (‘Byzantine’) Asia Minor on the Eve of the Turkish Conquest
Anatolia had an elaborate ecclesiastical organization of metropolitanates, archbishoprics, and bishoprics subordinated to the patriarch of Constantinople. Continue reading “The Ecclesiastical organization in Eastern Roman (‘Byzantine’) Asia Minor on the Eve of the Turkish Conquest”
Alaric the ambitious; Stilicho the tactician; Honorius and Arcadius the incapable
After Alaric had been elected king of the Visigoths, he lost no time in striking. He held an assembly, and in it a resolution was taken to march forth and ravage the other provinces of the Illyrian peninsula. Continue reading “Alaric the ambitious; Stilicho the tactician; Honorius and Arcadius the incapable”
Road System in Eastern Roman (‘Byzantine’) Asia Minor on the Eve of the Turkish Conquest
The large land mass of Byzantine Anatolia was closely knit by the system of roads which the empire had largely inherited from the days of the Roman Empire.
Turkic influx in all strata of the Eastern Roman (‘Byzantine’) population (11th-15th centuries A.D.)
In the seventh to the ninth centuries, with some exceptions, there were three major groups of newcomers from the Muslim Orient to Byzantium: Muslim prisoners of war and hostages, merchants and diplomats, and “political” refugees. Continue reading “Turkic influx in all strata of the Eastern Roman (‘Byzantine’) population (11th-15th centuries A.D.)”