The Roman Empire (“Byzantium”) under severe political crisis (late 12th-early 13th c.) – War at every front

In the late twelfth-early thirteenth century, the Byzantine Empire experienced one of the most complicated periods in its millennial history. Its foreign relations were particularly difficult. Continue reading “The Roman Empire (“Byzantium”) under severe political crisis (late 12th-early 13th c.) – War at every front”

The Hagia Sophia issue: Turkey’s test of civilization

By Taner Akçam

Basically, the whole Hagia Sophia affair can be summed up with the phrases “improper” or “a shame”. But I think that the audience whom I am addressing do not possesses the cultural delicacy to find these words meaningful. For their sakes, it would better to formulate it in a frank manner that they could more easily understand: the deed that is being performed in regard to Hagia Sophia is a clear show of barbarism. Continue reading “The Hagia Sophia issue: Turkey’s test of civilization”

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