Neurological concepts in archaic Greece: what did Homer know?

There are few written records which tell us about Archaic Greek thought and certainly no medical writings. The earliest notions about neurologic matters can be found, however, in the Homeric epics. The attitudes and information which made up the culture of the Archaic Greeks were the starting point from which the later Greek medical literature grew. Although the Odyssey and Iliad are not medical texts, they contain many neurologic descriptions which can be analyzed to reveal the knowledge and concepts which were held by the people in Archaic Greece. By knowing the beginnings of the ancient medical traditions one is better equipped to understand the later works written specifically about medical matters.

(Link for the paper: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11619199)